|
|
|
|
|
|
Another half of the heredity material had been lost by the theory of the gene
Group Corporation, Feicheng, Shandong 271608 , China
Email: fckzmy@yahoo.com.cn
Abstract: Only relying on cooperation with the transcription can the gene create the protein (the character). Such general knowledge of contemporary biology (dualistic theory) is counter to that of the theory of the gene (monistic theory). Then how the transcriptase system ( another half of heredity material) was lost by the theory of the gene?
1. fact and general knowledge Since 1992 along with deep recognizing to RNA’s function people confirmed at last that the character (protein) is made by the RNA directly[1~6]. And it’s well known the RNA in all the cells is made by the cooperation (transcription) of the transcriptase and the gene. Therefore the character of the organism is made and controlled by both the transcriptase and the gene in the final analysis.
That is :
the transcriptase×the gene (makes RNA through transcription) makes or creates the character.
Indeed the fact that the both (transcriptase×the gene) are a whole heredity material should be confirmed nearly 50 years ago when transcriptase to be found and the central dogma to be brought. According to the central dogma only there are both the transcriptase and the gene can the transcription be come up, can the RNA occur and can the protein subsequently be made. So the transcriptase×the gene is the origin from which the organism creates own all synthetic materials, properly also is the origin the organism produce all the character from. Although the DNA is stored all the information of the cell, but how the information can flow out of the DNA, what a part of the information will be selected to flow out (the other part of the information won’t flow out), and with what a speed to flow out, all these are governed by the overall strength of all the transcription (including inhibiting or activating) factors of the transcriptase system in the cell. The fact that the character of the cell is determined by the transcriptase×the gene has be well known to all. It is just as the character of the airplane is determined by the blueprint ×the production apparatus. The “character” in the DNA isn’t true character just as the “airplane” in the blueprint isn’t true airplane.
2. But The theory of the gene told us: the hereditary material is the gene only.
3. Then how was another half of the whole hereditary material lost by the theory of the gene?
Every one could see how the theory of the gene fell into a mistake by analogy through the following case.
The case is that on his own star an extraterrestrial intelligence researches the earth’s human being. He fixed his eyes on a house and found: all the babies had born 5 years before are white and since then the babies new born all are black. Thus he supposed: the white baby is made by white cause (factor), and the black baby is made by black cause (factor). So he explained: the baby is made by a special cause (factor). About 5 years ago the factor must had a change in this house: formerly there was a white factor 5 years before and disappeared later, since then there was a black factor instead of the white factor in the house. Afterwards the fact is proved that formerly there was a white man 5 years before and disappeared later, since then there was a black man instead of the white man in the house. For this reason the intelligence said they had uncovered the mystery of making baby: the man is the special cause (factor) making baby.
But this conclusion isn’t true. In fact the baby is made by the cooperation of the man and the woman both factors. In this house there throughout was a white woman, who is the mother of all the babies born in the house. Then where did the intelligence commit an error? Really this extraterrestrial intelligence’s research tells that the man is a special factor making the baby, but this research doesn’t tell that the woman isn’t another special factor making the baby or the baby must be made by only one factor. What reason makes the intelligence to believe that the baby must be made by only one factor? None, there is not any reason. That is just where the extraterrestrial intelligence commits his error. This is a logic error.
In much the same way Mendel’s experiment of pea hybridization tells that the gene is a factor making the character, but doesn’t tell that the transcriptase isn’t another factor making the character or the character must be made by only one factor. What reason makes people to believe that the character must be made by only one factor (gene)? None, there is not any reason. The character is made by the cooperation of the gene×the transcriptase just like the baby is made by the cooperation of the man×the woman.
References：
[1]Noller, H.F., Hoffarth, V.& Zimniak, L. Unusual resistance of peptidyl transferase to protein extraction procedures. Science 256,1416~1419(1992).
[2]Piccirilli, J.A., McConnell, T.S., Zaug, A.J., Noller, H.F.& Cech, T.R. Aminoacyl esterase activity of the Tetrahymena ribozyme. Science 256,1420~1423(1992).
[3]Ban, N., Nissen, P., Hansen, J., Moore, P.B.& Steitz, T.A. The complete atomic structure of the large ribosomal subunit at 2.4Å resolution. Science 289,905~920(2000).
[4]Cech, T.R. The ribosome is a ribozyme. Science 289,878~879(2000).
[5]Moore, P.B.& Steits,T.A. The involvement of RNA in ribosome function. Nature 418,229~235(2002).
[6]Steits, T.A. & Moore, P.B. RNA, the first macromolecular catalyst: the ribosome is a ribozyme. Trends biochem. Sci. 28,411~418(2003).
Note from Muying Zhou: (about another half of the heredity material in a newborn cell) Boundary of the transcriptase
The material of the transcriptase system should possess of two distinctive marks.1 It had existed already in the cell before first transcription initiation. 2 It possesses necessary function (initiation, activation, inhibition, repression, termination and so forth all included) to affect the cell’s transcription in the cell cycle. And what is the necessary? The answer is: without this necessary function the normal result (production) of the cell cycle would be changed and the cell cycle couldn’t be completed normally.